@inproceedings{oai:iuj.repo.nii.ac.jp:00000835,
 author = {初鹿野, 阿れ and Hajikano, Are},
 book = {Proceedings of the conference on second language research in Japan},
 month = {Mar},
 note = {When communication in a foreign language, learners often experience difficulties understanding what their interlocutors said and expressing what they really want to say due to their limited linguistic knowledge. Thus communication strategies, which are used to bridge this gap, are important for learners (especially for beginners) to cotinue and act as an active participant in the conversation. In this study, I surveyed compensatory strategies(CpS) used by learners of Japanese at the biginning level in non-native/native conversation during one year. Compensatory strategies are types of communication strategies, defined as learners' attempts to solve problems in communication using their insufficient linguistic resources. (Færch and Kasper (1983)) My main interest is to observe the change of frequency in the use of CpS, and the rate of L1-based strategies used by four learners. To study the effectiveness of CpS is also one of main objectives in this research. I presupposed that frequency would decrease as proficiency rose, and this hypothesis was confirmed by ther survey. It was also expected thatb the rate of L1-based strategies used by the learners would decrease because they experience lesser difficulties in expressing themselves through one year study of Japanese. However, the rate of L1-based strategies did not change, ore even increased rather than decrease. The effectiveness of CpS was verified. From sixty to ninety percent of CpS used by the learners contributed to the continuance of conversation without causing serious breakdown or misunderstanding between the participants.},
 title = {初級日本語学習者の会話におけるCompensatory Strategies},
 year = {1994}
}